Understanding diabetes

 Understanding diabetes

Diabetes is an endocrine disease. Insufficient secretion of insulin or the inability of the body to use insulin effectively affects the regulation of blood sugar and makes blood sugar too high. When the blood sugar exceeds the load of the kidneys, the sugar in the blood will be excreted in the urine, so it is called diabetes.

Types of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes: About 5 to 10% of patients have type 1 diabetes. Most of the patients are young people, due to the cytopathic pathology of insulin secretion, the patients are severely lack of insulin, and the onset is generally acute. Patients need to rely on insulin injections to stabilize blood sugar levels.

Type 2 diabetes: It is the most common type, accounting for 90 to 95% of patients. Type 2 diabetes patients are mostly middle-aged or older, especially those with family history, obesity, poor eating habits or lack of exercise. Mainly due to insufficient insulin secretion or weakened body's ability to use insulin. The onset is slower, the symptoms are less obvious, and some patients are not aware of it at the initial stage.

The treatment of type 2 diabetes varies from person to person. The mild ones can be stabilized by practicing a healthy lifestyle, such as weight control, diet improvement, and regular exercise, while the more serious ones require oral hypoglycemic drugs or even insulin injections.

Gestational diabetes: Patients diagnosed with high blood sugar during pregnancy and return to normal after delivery, but they are more likely to develop diabetes in the future.

Secondary diabetes: refers to diabetes induced by a special cause (such as mumps, chronic pancreatitis, etc. or long-term use of steroids).

Symptoms of diabetes

Some diabetic patients have no obvious symptoms, and they are only discovered during a blood test. Symptoms may include:

Frequent and increased urine output, often thirsty

Tired easily and lose weight

Itchy skin and genitals

The wound is inflamed and does not heal easily

Elderly diabetic patients may also have the following symptoms:

incontinence

Visual impairment

Fall down

Repeated infection

Memory in decline

Insanity

Dehydration

Complications of diabetes

The complications of diabetes can be divided into two categories: acute and chronic. The most common acute complication is that blood sugar is too high or too low. In severe cases, it can lead to coma, which is called diabetic lethargy and hypoglycemic shock. In these emergencies, they should be sent to hospital for treatment immediately.

Chronic complications are mainly due to vascular disease caused by diabetes, which causes problems in multiple organs, such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, renal failure, cataracts, retinopathy, etc., and severely can lead to blindness, stroke, chronic skin ulcers, tissue necrosis or To amputation and so on. Therefore, diabetes must pay attention to blood sugar control to reduce the risk of complications.

Diabetes treatment

Weight loss: Maintaining an ideal body weight can restore unbalanced insulin secretion to normal.

Adjust your diet: Avoid absorbing high-calorie and high-sugar foods, which can reduce the load on the pancreas. Some mild patients only need to pay attention to their diet to control their condition without medication.

Appropriate exercise: It can improve blood vessel health, promote blood circulation, and reduce complications. For those who are overweight, it helps control weight.

Medication: Take hypoglycemic drugs or insulin injections as directed by your doctor to avoid adverse reactions.

In addition, patients should pay attention to the adjustments in their daily lives, including regular meals for three meals, regular work and rest, refrain from smoking, and regular follow-up consultations to ensure that the disease is under control and to slow down the occurrence of complications.

Prevention of diabetes

The so-called "prevention is better than cure", regardless of whether you are at high risk or not, you must also actively practice a healthy lifestyle, including: a balanced diet, maintaining a moderate weight, cultivating exercise habits, and not smoking, avoiding secondhand smoke inhalation, and not drinking alcohol to reduce Chance of developing diabetes in the future.

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